Construction of the Mining Space Data Center in the Far East

The start of construction of a mining data center with a capacity of over 100 MW by Mining Space in the energy-abundant region of the Far East marks not only a new stage in the development of Russia's digital infrastructure, but also creates a significant ripple effect for related industries. One of the key beneficiaries of this project is the companies specializing in the production and supply of industrial refrigeration equipment. The construction of such a large-scale facility will require comprehensive cooling solutions, leading to an increase in demand for high-tech products and services in this field, stimulating both local players and international suppliers.

For energy-intensive data centers like the Mining Space project, efficient heat dissipation is a critical task that directly affects the reliability and profitability of the operation. The implementation of such facilities in regions with harsh climates but excessive generation creates a specific demand for equipment that can operate sustainably in these conditions and optimize energy consumption, which is already a major expense.

Industrial Refrigeration Equipment for Data Centers: Functions, Applications, and Characteristics

Modern data centers use a cascade of different cooling systems, each with its own function.

1. Chillers (water cooling machines).

   • Function and application: They are the central element of many systems. They cool water or an antifreeze coolant, which is then circulated through the circuits, removing heat from the server equipment through heat exchangers (such as fan coils in hot air corridors). They are particularly relevant for large facilities that require high centralized cooling capacity.
   • Key Features: Cooling capacity (from hundreds of kW to several MW), energy efficiency (COP/EER ratio), compressor type (screw, centrifugal), the possibility of free cooling (free-cooling) using outdoor air to save energy during the cold period.

2. Precision air conditioners (PCs).

   • Function and application: Provide precise temperature (±0.5°C) and humidity control in machine rooms. Operate continuously to maintain a stable microclimate for sensitive IT equipment. Can be standalone (with their own refrigerant circuit) or connected to a chiller system.
   • Key features: Cooling capacity (typically 20-150 kW), parameter accuracy, reliability factor (MTBF), noise level, and integration with BMS monitoring systems.

3. Free Cooling systems.

   • Function and application: This is not a standalone equipment, but rather a mode of operation or a module that can be integrated into chillers or supply ventilation systems. It allows for the direct use of cold outdoor air to cool the heat transfer fluid, bypassing the compressor, resulting in significant energy savings. In the Far Eastern region with its long and cold winters, this component becomes strategically important for reducing PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness).
   • Key features: Temperature range of efficient operation, type of heat exchanger (air-air, air-water), and degree of integration with the main refrigeration machine.

4. Liquid coolers for direct cooling (Liquid Cooling).

   • Function and application: The most advanced solution for high-density racks. Heat is removed directly from the processors (chips) using cold plates (Cold Plate) or by fully immersing the servers in a dielectric liquid. This allows for a significant increase in heat dissipation efficiency and a reduction in ventilation energy consumption.
   • Key features: Heat dissipation capacity per rack (up to 100 kW or more), type of coolant, distribution network design (CDU), and noise level.

5. Cooling towers (dry and evaporative).

   • Function and application: Complete the water cooling circuit. Remove heat from the condensers of chillers into the atmosphere. For data centers, dry cooling towers (dry coolers) are often preferred to minimize water consumption and avoid contamination of the circuit.
   • Key features: Dissipated heat power, fan power consumption, dimensions, and heat exchange surface material (aluminum or copper).

The construction of the Mining Space data center with a capacity of 100+ MW will not only load regional power grids and create IT jobs, but also act as a catalyst for the development of the high-tech industrial refrigeration segment in Russia, boosting innovation and the localization of production of critical components for the energy-efficient digital infrastructure of the future.